This guide will focus on the installation of LibreOffice. More options can be explored here. While an office suite will allow you to view and edit a large collection of document types, many newer formats may still be unsupported.
In order to be able to view all these formats, a universal document viewer such as Okulus may prove helpful. Following this how-to should help new users install a desktop environment, the X Window Server, and a few basics applications that will expand the capabilities of your FreeBSD machine.
The window may then be raised and appear in front of all other windows. All keystrokes will now be directed to this window, even if the cursor is moved to another window. Different window managers support different focus models. All of them support click-to-focus, and the majority of them also support other policies. Consult the documentation for the window manager to determine which focus models are available.
Widget is a term for all of the items in the user interface that can be clicked or manipulated in some way. This includes buttons, check boxes, radio buttons, icons, and lists. A widget toolkit is a set of widgets used to create graphical applications. As a result, applications will have a different look and feel, depending upon which widget toolkit was used to create the application.
Either of these installations results in the complete Xorg system being installed. Binary packages are the best option for most users. Most of the documents, libraries, and applications will not be installed. Some applications require these additional components to function. Video cards, monitors, and input devices are automatically detected and do not require any manual configuration.
Do not create xorg. Add the user who will run Xorg to the video or wheel group to enable 3D acceleration when available. To add user jru to whichever group is available:. On some older versions of FreeBSD, the system console must be set to vt 4 before switching back to the text console will work properly.
It is usually simplest to add the user who will be running X to either the video or wheel group. Here, pw 8 is used to add user slurms to the video group, or to the wheel group if there is no video group:. When the computer switches from displaying the console to a higher screen resolution for X, it must set the video output mode. Recent versions of Xorg use a system inside the kernel to do these mode changes more efficiently.
The end result is that after closing X, the system console is blank, even though it is still working. The newer vt 4 console avoids this problem. Manual configuration is usually not necessary.
Please do not manually create configuration files unless autoconfiguration does not work. Xorg looks in several directories for configuration files. Using this directory helps keep application files separate from operating system files. However, this mixes application files with the base FreeBSD files and is not recommended.
It is easier to use multiple files that each configure a specific setting than the traditional single xorg. These files are stored in the xorg. The traditional single xorg. The Ports framework provides the drm graphics drivers necessary for X11 operation on recent hardware.
These drivers use interfaces in the kernel that are normally private. This ensures the kernel module stays in-sync with the kernel itself. The kernel and ports trees should be updated together for maximum compatibility. Advanced users can add it to their kernel config files with the makeoptions directive. Install the driver that matches the video card. Modern cards use the former. Legacy cards use the -xxx ports, where xxx is one of , or indicating the version of the driver.
This page lists the devices supported by different versions of the driver. Legacy drivers run on both i and amd The current driver only supports amd While we recommend this driver be rebuilt with each kernel rebuild for maximum safety, it uses almost no private kernel interfaces and is usually safe across kernel updates. Some notebook computers add additional graphics processing units to those built into the chipset or processor. Implementations of these hybrid graphics systems vary, and Xorg on FreeBSD is not able to drive all versions of them.
Some computers provide a BIOS option to disable one of the graphics adapters or select a discrete mode which can be used with one of the standard video card drivers. BIOS settings depend on the model of computer. In some situations, both GPU s can be left enabled, but creating a configuration file that only uses the main GPU in the Device section is enough to make such a system functional. Drivers for some less-common video cards can be found in the xdrivers directory of the Ports Collection.
Xorg attempts to use this driver when a specific driver is not found for the video card. If more than one video card is present, the BusID identifier can be uncommented and set to select the desired card. A list of video card bus ID s can be displayed with pciconf -lv grep -B3 display.
Xorg uses EDID to communicate with the monitor and detect the supported resolutions and refresh rates. Then it selects the most appropriate combination of settings to use with that monitor. Other resolutions supported by the monitor can be chosen by setting the desired resolution in configuration files, or after the X server has been started with xrandr 1.
Run xrandr 1 without any parameters to see a list of video outputs and detected monitor modes:. This shows that the DVI-0 output is being used to display a screen resolution of x pixels at a refresh rate of about 60 Hz. Any of the other display modes can be selected with xrandr 1.
For example, to switch to x at 60 Hz:. The type and quantity of output connectors varies between devices, and the name given to each output varies from driver to driver. So the first step is to run xrandr 1 to list all the available outputs:.
The projector has been connected to the VGA1 output. If the resolution is not correctly detected, a fixed value can be given with --mode instead of the --auto statement.
For example, most projectors can be used with a x resolution, which is set with --mode x The standardized location of keys on a keyboard is called a layout. Layouts and other adjustable parameters are listed in xkeyboard-config 7.
A United States layout is the default. This will be applied to all input devices that match the class. Set United States, Spanish, and Ukrainian keyboard layouts. X can be closed with a combination of keys. By default, that key combination is not set because it conflicts with keyboard commands for some applications. Enabling this option requires changes to the keyboard InputDevice section:.
If using xorg-server 1. Many mouse parameters can be adjusted with configuration options. See mousedrv 4 for a full list. The number of buttons on a mouse can be set in the mouse InputDevice section of xorg. To set the number of buttons to In some cases, Xorg autoconfiguration does not work with particular hardware, or a different configuration is desired.
For these cases, a custom configuration file can be created. Do not create manual configuration files unless required. Unnecessary manual configuration can prevent proper operation. A configuration file can be generated by Xorg based on the detected hardware. This file is often a useful starting point for custom configurations. Make any changes desired, then test that file using -retro so there is a visible background with:. The default fonts that ship with Xorg are less than ideal for typical desktop publishing applications.
Large presentation fonts show up jagged and unprofessional looking, and small fonts are almost completely unintelligible. And likewise with the freefont or other collections. There are two different modules that can enable this functionality. The freetype module is used in this example because it is more consistent with the other font rendering back-ends. Once the files have been copied into this directory, use mkfontscale to create a fonts. This is just the same as described in Type1 Fonts :.
Extremely small fonts as with text in a high resolution display on a web page and extremely large fonts within LibreOffice will look much better now. Several advanced features of the Xft font system can be tuned using this file; this section describes only some simple possibilities.
For more details, please see fonts-conf 5. This file must be in XML format. Pay careful attention to case, and make sure all tags are properly closed. Anti-aliasing makes borders slightly fuzzy, which makes very small text more readable and removes "staircases" from large text, but can cause eyestrain if applied to normal text.
To exclude font sizes smaller than 14 point from anti-aliasing, include these lines:. Spacing for some monospaced fonts might also be inappropriate with anti-aliasing. This seems to be an issue with KDE, in particular. One possible fix is to force the spacing for such fonts to be Add these lines:.
Certain fonts, such as Helvetica, may have a problem when anti-aliased. Usually this manifests itself as a font that seems cut in half vertically. At worst, it may cause applications to crash. To avoid this, consider adding the following to local. After editing local. Latest articles. How to install Fathom on Debian 11 January 14, The choose command in Linux January 13, Backup your databases with mysqldump January 12, MySql Contains Podman January 11, Install a Redis server on Debian 11 January 11, WordPress started as a blogging system but has become a Read more.
Copying your data as well as backing them up is a day-to-day tasks that we perform regularly. Thus we need a utility to perform Check if polkit service is running Tips and Tricks Mel - November 15, 0.
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